Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
2
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
3
گروه میکروبشناسی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران.
10.22034/sumsj.2026.579801.1087
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially in hospitals, has become a serious challenge. Drug resistance in pathogens causing wound infections increases the length of hospitalization and causes severe complications in patients. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of drug resistance of bacteria causing wound infections in patients.
Methods: Wound samples were collected using sterile swabs from patients hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil. Patient samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar media and then identified using Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the agar disk diffusion method in accordance with the latest guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results: A total of 9 bacterial species were isolated from 94 wound samples (including wounds, burns, and ascites). The highest frequency was related to Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.5%). In burn wound samples, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in ascites samples, Escherichia coli was the most frequent. In the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest resistance to penicillin (100%). Among Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, the highest resistance to penicillin (100%) and complete sensitivity to cefepime were observed. K. pneumoniae had complete resistance to ampicillin (100%). The E. coli species had high resistance to ampicillin (93.3%). Acinetobacter baumannii was 100% resistant to first and second-generation cephalosporins. Enterobacter aerogenes was fully sensitive to most antibiotics, including imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin, and was 100% resistant only to doxycycline. Enterococcus faecalis strains were also highly resistant to doxycycline. Finally, Proteus mirabilis was fully resistant to cefoxidine, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and ampicillin. The highest frequency of MDR strains was observed in A. baumannii (100%) and K. pneumoniae (79.1%).
Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii were the most common bacterial agents isolated and showed a high level of antibiotic resistance, indicating the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains. These results emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of microbial resistance patterns, strict implementation of infection control programs, and rational use of antibiotics.
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