https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/ Journal of Saveh University of Medical Sciences en daily 1 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Sat, 22 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_236613.html Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a persistent disorder of the central nervous system that can adversely affect physical, mental, and fertility health. This condition frequently manifests in women of age: 20–40 years, a period when they are typically at the peak of their reproductive and sexual activity. This study aimed to identify the fertility problems among these women. Methods: This study was performed using a qualitative approach by conventional content analysis. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was employed, and data saturation was achieved through interviews with 16 women diagnosed with MS. Textual data and extracted codes were managed using MAXQDA Version 10 software. Results: The fertility problems and issues faced by women with MS encompassed four main themes: (1) unsatisfactory marital satisfaction, (2) lack of fecundability, (3) challenges in selecting contraceptives, and (4) psychosocial vulnerability.Conclusion: The participants experienced significant problems in the domain of the reproductive system and fertility. Healthcare professionals and policymakers can contribute to alleviating these problems and enhancing their quality of life through targeted interventions. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_243533.html Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system accompanied by autoimmune manifestations. Transplanted cells differentiate into various types of neural tissue cells, thereby restoring the functional network and acting as a source of neurotrophic factors to support the remaining cells in the tissue. This study emphasis’s the importance of oligodendrocytes in inhibiting or reducing demyelination in an experimental MS model and investigates the effect of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on oligodendrocyte lineages by examining the Nrf2 mechanism. Methods: This study used 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. To induce the chronic demyelination model of MS, the mice received a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone per kilogram of food for 12 weeks. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplants were then injected into the right lateral ventricle of the mice via intraventricular injection. The rotarod behavioral test was used to assess behavioral impairment and recovery rate. Two weeks after cell injection, the rate of remyelination and axon repair was studied using Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining. The expression levels of the CX3CL1, TGF-β and Nrf2 genes were evaluated using real-time PCR. Finally, statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software and a t-test and one-way ANOVA. Mean ± SEM was used to describe the data and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, we found that, compared to other groups, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation increased the expression of the TGF-β, CX3CL1 and Nrf2 genes, as well as improving function. Furthermore, cell transplantation was found to significantly improve myelination and axonal repair, as assessed by LFB images. Conclusion: The findings of this study finally showed that the intraventricular injection of mesenchymal stem cells can be an effective treatment for chronic demyelination in neurodegenerative diseases such as MS. This is because, on the one hand, cell therapy reduces oxidative stress and inflammation by using factors secreted by cells in the culture medium and, on the other hand, it increases the rate of myelination and axonal repair. Therefore, cell transplantation can be considered a suitable method for enhancing myelination and reducing inflammation in diseases such as MS. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_236727.html Introduction: Retirement is a fundamental transition in the life cycle that can affect various dimensions of quality of life. Retirement resources—physical-financial, social, and mental assets—determine an individual’s capacity to adapt to new conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between retirement resources and retirees' quality of life.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on retired people from the education sector and the oil industry. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Elderly Version (WHOQOL-Old) and the Retirement Resources Inventory. Sampling was carried out using a systematic random method. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression.Results: The mean (±SD) quality of life score was 88.78±12.00, and the mean score of retirement resources was 122.97±12.71. The quality of life of oil industry retirees was significantly higher than that of education sector retirees (p=0.032). Men reported a higher quality of life than women (p=0.024). Quality of life also differed significantly according to marital status (p=0.006). A positive and significant correlation was found between quality of life and total retirement resources (r=0.554, p<0.001), physical-financial resources (r=0.416, p<0.001), social resources (r=0.355, p<0.001), and mental resources (r=0.529, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that retirement resources significantly explained the variance in quality of life (F=27.77, R²=0.324, p<0.001). Among them, mental resources (β=0.403, p<0.001) and physical-financial resources (β=0.214, p=0.003) were significant predictors of quality of life.Conclusion: The findings suggest designing interventions to enhance quality of life and retirement resources through appropriate strategies, such as empowering retirees in the areas of resilience, meaning in life, and approaches to improve physical and economic well-being. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_243528.html Introduction: Adolescence is a challenging period marked by hormonal changes and social pressures that can lead to risky behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine the connections between self-compassion, experiential avoidance, and risky behaviors in Iranian adolescents, with a focus on the mediating role of integrative self-knowledge.Methods: This study utilized a correlational design, specifically employing structural equation modeling. The target population consisted of male students in the first period of secondary school in Zanjan city, with a sample size of 500 individuals selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The instruments utilized in this study included the Risky Behaviors Scale by Zadeh-Mohammadi and Ahmadabadi, the Integrative Self-Knowledge Questionnaire by Ghorbani et al., the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale by Raes et al., and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Gamez et al. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software.Results: The results indicate an inverse relationship between self-compassion and integrative self-knowledge with risky behaviors (p < 0.01), as well as a direct relationship between experiential avoidance and risky behaviors (p < 0.01). Additionally, experiential avoidance was found to have a direct effect on both integrative self-knowledge and risky behaviors (p < 0.01), while the direct effect of integrative self-knowledge on risky behaviors was not significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, self-compassion was found to have a direct effect on integrative self-knowledge (p < 0.01) and an inverse effect on risky behaviors (p < 0.01). The model fit indices suggest that the proposed research model has a good fit (SRMR = 0.001, NFI = 1, GOF = 0.43).Conclusion: Self-compassion acts as a direct protective factor, and experiential avoidance functions as a direct risk factor in adolescents’ risky behaviors; however, integrative self-knowledge does not play a mediating role in this sample. It is recommended that school-based prevention programs focus on enhancing self-compassion and reducing experiential avoidance. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_237702.html Introduction: Tobacco use remains a significant public health challenge, particularly among young adults and university students. Medical students, as future healthcare providers, not only demonstrate heightened vulnerability to this behavior but also play a crucial role in modeling healthy behaviors within society. However, studies indicate a concerning prevalence of cigarette smoking within this population. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting smoking cessation among medical students.Methods: This cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was conducted among medical students at various academic levels at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed randomly; first, the number of students in each academic level was determined, and then an equal number of participants were selected from four levels: Basic Sciences, Physiopathology, Stajerey, and Internship, with representation from both genders. Data were collected using a questionnaire designed to assess the predictive power of the TPB model for tobacco use. A sample size of 150 participants was recruited through physical sampling. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: demographic questions and TPB constructs, and it was administered after confirming its validity and reliability. After completion, the relationship between the mean scores of the TPB constructs and smoking behavior was examined. Data were entered into SPSS version 27 and analyzed.Results: The findings revealed that 35.3% of the students were cigarette smokers. However, no significant differences were observed in the mean scores of the TPB constructs—including attitude, subjective norm, social norm, behavioral intention, and perceived behavioral control—between smoking and non-smoking students. Nonetheless, significant differences were found in demographic variables such as marital status and academic level between the two groups.Conclusion: The results suggest that the Theory of Planned Behavior alone may not sufficiently predict smoking behavior among the studied medical students. This could indicate the influence of more complex factors or specific socio-cultural contexts not fully captured by the TPB framework. Thus, it is recommended that future interventions aimed at reducing smoking incorporate contextual and socio-cultural variables alongside the individual-focused factors emphasized by this theory. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_243520.html Introduction: This research aims to investigate the relationship between community safety support and tourism intention, considering the mediating role of risk perception and the moderating role of risk communication, based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This applied survey study utilized a simple random sampling method to collect data from 266 individuals who had experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were gathered via questionnaire during the winter of 2022. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed using Smart PLS version 3.2.1 to test the two main hypotheses. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, calculated in SPSS, was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. The measurement instruments included scales for Community Safety Support (7 items), Risk Perception (4 items), Risk Communication (4 items), and Tourism Intention (3 items). Results: The findings revealed that risk perception plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between community safety support and tourism intention. Specifically, community safety support enhances tourism intention by reducing risk perception. Moreover, risk communication was found to positively moderate this relationship. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of strengthening community safety support and effectively managing risk perception through transparent communication to boost tourism intention during public health crises. These results highlight the need for targeted risk communication strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of crises on the tourism industry. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_237658.html Introduction: Comprehensive health centers, as the most important providers of health services, should be regularly evaluated. The most important dimension of this evaluation is assessment from the perspective of service recipients and their level of satisfaction with the services received. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting patient satisfaction among clients attending comprehensive health centers in Isfahan city.Methods: This descriptive–analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 diabetic patients referring to comprehensive health centers in Isfahan in 2024. Data were collected using a researcher-made patient satisfaction questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: The findings showed that the highest percentage of patients were in the 18–46-year age group, while the lowest percentage belonged to patients aged 65 years and older. A statistically significant relationship was found between gender and educational level with the level of satisfaction among outpatients. However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the frequency of visits to health centers, employment status, type of insurance, and marital status with patient satisfaction.Conclusion: Given the importance of patient satisfaction with health service delivery, the results of this study can help health system policymakers identify weaknesses and shortcomings, recognize strengths, and utilize existing opportunities to improve the provision of health care services. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_244096.html Introduction: Clinical education plays an important role in empowering nursing students. Grand Rounds, as an evidence-based educational method, can increase students' self-efficacy and professional readiness. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Grand Rounds on nursing students' clinical self-efficacy and professional readiness.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest – posttest design was conducted in 2024. Participants included all seventh-semester undergraduate nursing students who were completing their clinical internship in intensive care and medical–surgical wards at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd (n=47). The intervention consisted of six structured Grand Rounds sessions involving the presentation of complex clinical cases followed by group discussion. Clinical self-efficacy and professional readiness were measured using standardized questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation tests.Results: The mean age of participants was 21.87 ± 1.11 years; 66% were female and 78.7% were unemployed. After the educational Grand Rounds intervention, the median clinical self-efficacy score increased from 74 (60-82) before the intervention to 88 (74-91) after the intervention (P=0.001). Similarly, the median professional readiness score increased significantly from 35 (28 - 45) before the intervention to 45 (38-56) after the intervention (P=0.004). Age was not significantly associated with any of the variables (P>0.05); however, clinical self-efficacy and professional readiness were higher among male and employed students (P<0.05). A strong positive correlation was observed between clinical self-efficacy and professional readiness (r=0.843, P<0.001), indicating that Grand Rounds contributed to the improvement of both variables.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the educational Grand Rounds can be an effective method for improving students' self-efficacy and professional readiness, and its regular use in clinical training programs is recommended. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_236872.html Introduction: Contamination of water resources with nitroaromatic compounds, particularly 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), has emerged as a critical environmental concern due to their extensive use in military and chemical industries. These pollutants exhibit high toxicity, mutagenicity, and strong resistance to conventional biodegradation, resulting in their persistent accumulation in aquatic environments.Methods: In this study, a monoclinic BiVO₄ photocatalyst was synthesized via a homogeneous precipitation method and evaluated for the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DNT under visible-light irradiation. The synthesized catalyst was thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Process optimization was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD), examining the combined effects of pH, initial pollutant concentration, catalyst dosage, and reaction time.Results: The optimal operational conditions were identified as pH 6.63, an initial 2,4-DNT concentration of 0.44 mg/L, a catalyst dosage of 0.509 g/L, and a reaction time of 105 minutes, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 87.31%. Kinetic studies revealed that the photocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a high correlation coefficient (R² > 0.98). Furthermore, reusability experiments showed that the BiVO₄ photocatalyst retained good stability over three successive cycles, with only a minor reduction in degradation efficiency from 78% to 73%.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that monoclinic BiVO₄ is an effective and stable visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for the degradation of 2,4-DNT. Its high efficiency, favorable kinetics, and good reusability highlight its significant potential for application in advanced oxidation processes aimed at the remediation of nitroaromatic pollutants in water treatment systems. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_244310.html Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain and spinal cord. MRI plays a key role in early diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. The aim of this article is to compare diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of active MS plaques.Method: Forty-nine patients with MS (32 women, 17 men; mean age (28±6 years) were examined using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (IR.SSU.REC.1403.108). CE-SWI and DWI sequences were obtained. Active plaques detected by both sequences were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 169 lesions were observed. CE-SWI detected 87 (51.4%) active plaques, while DWI detected 82 (48.5%). Cohen's kappa coefficient showed moderate agreement between the two methods (kappa = 0.38, p<0.001).Conclusion: CE-SWI and DWI sequences showed comparable performance for identifying active MS plaques. CE-SWI provides additional information about vascular involvement and iron deposition and complements DWI in clinical evaluation. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_238945.html Introduction: Volatile organic compounds are some of the most significant and diverse gaseous air pollutants, which can lead to numerous health and environmental issues. Therefore, controlling their emissions from indoor air is essential and crucial. Recently, photocatalytic oxidation technology has gained considerable attention due to its ability to convert pollutants into less hazardous compounds in the presence of light. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of toluene degradation in air using g-C3N4 and α-Fe2O3 photocatalysts under visible light.Methods: The g-C3N4 and α-Fe2O3 photocatalysts were synthesized, and the photocatalytic efficiency of toluene removal using these catalysts under visible light was investigated. The catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX techniques. The effects of input toluene concentration, air flow rate, and relative humidity, as well as their interactions, on toluene removal efficiency were examined using central composite design methodology.Results: The toluene removal efficiency achieved was approximately 25.5% for α-Fe2O3 and 19% for g-C3N4. The superior efficiency of α-Fe2O3 can be attributed to its higher bandgap and tubular structure. Among the factors studied, the initial concentration of toluene had the most significant effect on photocatalytic removal efficiency, while relative humidity exhibited the least impact.Conclusion: The α-Fe2O3 catalyst demonstrated a relatively better performance compared to g-C3N4. Given that both catalysts possess notable advantages such as non-toxicity, easy synthesis, availability, and low cost, they can be effectively utilized in real environments for the removal of low concentrations of volatile organic pollutants. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_244377.html Introduction: In recent years, the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially in hospitals, has become a serious challenge. Drug resistance in pathogens causing wound infections increases the length of hospitalization and causes severe complications in patients. For this reason, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of drug resistance of bacteria causing wound infections in patients. Methods: Wound samples were collected using sterile swabs from patients hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil. Patient samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar media and then identified using Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the agar disk diffusion method in accordance with the latest guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: A total of 9 bacterial species were isolated from 94 wound samples (including wounds, burns, and ascites). The highest frequency was related to Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.5%). In burn wound samples, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in ascites samples, Escherichia coli was the most frequent. In the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest resistance to penicillin (100%). Among Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, the highest resistance to penicillin (100%) and complete sensitivity to cefepime were observed. K. pneumoniae had complete resistance to ampicillin (100%). The E. coli species had high resistance to ampicillin (93.3%). Acinetobacter baumannii was 100% resistant to first and second-generation cephalosporins. Enterobacter aerogenes was fully sensitive to most antibiotics, including imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin, and was 100% resistant only to doxycycline. Enterococcus faecalis strains were also highly resistant to doxycycline. Finally, Proteus mirabilis was fully resistant to cefoxidine, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and ampicillin. The highest frequency of MDR strains was observed in A. baumannii (100%) and K. pneumoniae (79.1%).Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii were the most common bacterial agents isolated and showed a high level of antibiotic resistance, indicating the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains. These results emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of microbial resistance patterns, strict implementation of infection control programs, and rational use of antibiotics. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_238948.html Introduction: Local digital media, as an effective platform for reflecting citizens’ concerns and shaping public perceptions, play a significant role in highlighting issues related to urban solid waste management and environmental health. The present study was conducted to analyze the role of local digital media in reflecting the challenges of urban solid waste management and its associated health implications in Saveh City.Methods: This study was a qualitative descriptive–analytical research conducted using media content analysis. Content published in active local digital media of Saveh City between 2021 and 2023, related to urban waste management and environmental health, was purposively collected. After screening, the data were analyzed through descriptive and interpretive content analysis.Results:  Content analysis revealed that the dominant media themes included improper accumulation and dispersion of solid waste, associated environmental and public health impacts, and the performance of municipal waste collection services. The public perception reflected in the media was predominantly critical yet demand-oriented, emphasizing managerial shortcomings and environmental health risks. In parallel, a portion of the media content was devoted to reporting corrective actions and urban management improvement programs.Conclusion: Local digital media in Saveh City play a dual role in criticizing deficiencies and disseminating information about positive waste management initiatives. These media can serve as a complementary source for identifying health-related public concerns and enhancing communication between urban management and the local community. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_244380.html Introduction: Obesity (defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m²) in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, reduced quality of life, and a significant economic burden. Given that bread plays a key role as a staple food and the primary source of carbohydrates in the Iranian diet, investigating its association with obesity in this vulnerable population is essential. This study aimed to investigate the association between the consumption of common types of bread (Sangak, Barbari, Lavash, and Baguette) and the risk of obesity among the elderly population. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 at primary healthcare centers in Maragheh city. A total of 368 elderly individuals from Maragheh, with a mean age of 67.11 ± 6.21 years, participated in the study. Anthropometric indices, demographic information, dietary intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity were assessed for all participants. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the amount of bread consumption and the odds of obesity in the elderly. Results: In the crude model, high consumption of Sangak bread was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 2.03, P=0.035); however, this association disappeared after adjusting for confounders. In the adjusted model (controlling for education level, carbohydrate intake, and fiber intake), Lavash bread consumption in the second tertile (OR: 0.52, P=0.046) and the third tertile (OR: 0.73, P<0.001) was significantly associated with reduced odds of obesity. For Barbari and Baguette bread, no significant association was observed in any of the models (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the pattern of bread consumption can be associated with the odds of obesity in the elderly. These results suggest that Lavash bread consumption (particularly at moderate levels) may be inversely associated with the odds of obesity in the elderly, while no significant association was observed for Sangak, Barbari, or Baguette bread in the adjusted models. Furthermore, the results suggest that consumption volume and the energy density of macronutrients may be more critical determinants than the type of flour. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_236756.html Introduction: In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in the clinic. Artificial intelligence can play an effective role in the diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis determination, and post-discharge follow-up of patients and hospital visitors. Therefore, in this review, the various applications of artificial intelligence in patients referred to the emergency department were discussed.Methods: The present study is a review study. To this end, a search was conducted in information resources such as PubMed, Sciencedirect, SID and Scopus between 2018 and 2025. The search was based on suitable search terms for each database. In this review, after the initial evaluation, the studies were screened and similar studies were separated and studied. Inclusion criteria included experimental studies, clinical trials, and research published in reputable journals, published between 2018 and 2025, directly focused on the applications of artificial intelligence in the emergency department or topics related to the keywords. Exclusion criteria included review articles, editorials, letters, newsletters, gray literature and non-reputable publications, studies older than 2018, and articles that were not directly related to the topic or had unsatisfactory data. The results were summarized and presented qualitatively. Finally, 60 articles were classified and reviewed in six main axes.Results: There exists high potential for improvement of quality in the emergency department by artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence may play an effective role in such important and vital emergency activities as patient triage, participation in personalized diagnostic and treatment processes for people visiting the emergency department, in patient classification and assessment, interpretation of radiological images, and assessment of patient prognosis.Conclusion: Artificial intelligence can make big strides in this arena. Artificial intelligence may be used for faster and more accurate diagnosis through clinical data, medical images, and other information of a patient. On the other hand, artificial intelligence can provide the best treatment options based on the unique characteristics of every patient, thereby increasing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and can also provide the basis for reducing some human errors in diagnosis and treatment. This technology saves time and resources in the emergency room, hence improving workflow. It improves patient care by continuous monitoring of the condition of the patients. https://journal.savehums.ac.ir/article_243516.html Case-Based Learning (CBL) is one of the modern educational approaches that was established in the 20th century at Harvard University. This method focuses on solving a clinical problem during which students identify their own learning needs, engage in scientific inquiry, and apply their theoretical knowledge in a real clinical context. By creating a collaborative and intellectually stimulating environment, CBL encourages active thinking and problem-solving among students.When CBL is combined with unfolding clinical scenarios where the patient's condition is gradually revealed in a step-by-step manner students are exposed to dynamic and evolving clinical data. This process requires them to continuously reassess and revise their evaluations and clinical decisions over time. Such an approach closely mirrors real-world nursing practice, where complete and definitive information is rarely available from the outset.A review of existing studies indicates that the use of unfolding scenarios in nursing education has several positive effects, including significantly enhanced self-directed learning, improved teamwork skills, better critical thinking abilities, greater academic self-efficacy, and increased professional confidence among nursing students.Therefore, the educational and practical value of integrating Case-Based Learning with unfolding clinical scenarios in nursing education deserves greater emphasis and broader implementation in curricula.